Net-zero emissions
Net-zero emissions are achieved when the amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) released into the atmosphere is balanced by the amount of GHG removed from it. In other words, it involves creating a balance between produced emissions and those absorbed or eliminated. This does not necessarily mean completely eliminating emissions but compensating residual emissions by removing an equivalent amount of GHG. The importance of net-zero emissions
Achieving net-zero emissions is critical to limiting global warming to 1.5°C, as outlined in the Paris Agreement (United Nations, 2015). This goal is essential to avoid the most catastrophic impacts of climate change, such as rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and biodiversity loss. Net-zero emissions are, therefore, a key component for long-term sustainability and preserving the planet.
Mechanisms to achieve net-zero emissions
Emission reductions
The primary pathway to achieving net-zero emissions is drastically reducing GHG emissions across all economic sectors. This includes transitioning to renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, adopting clean technologies, and implementing sustainable practices in agriculture, industry, and transportation.
Emission removals
Emission removals, also known as carbon capture and storage (CCS) or negative emissions technologies (NETs), involve removing GHGs from the atmosphere. These technologies include reforestation, ecosystem restoration, direct air capture (DAC), and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS).
Challenges to achieving net-zero emissions
Energy transition
Shifting to a low-carbon economy requires significant investments in infrastructure, technological development, and workforce training. Moreover, transforming entire economic sectors can face resistance to change.
Costs and financing
Implementing climate change mitigation and adaptation measures involves substantial costs. Mobilizing financial resources to support developing countries in their transition to net-zero emissions is crucial.
International cooperation
Climate change is a global issue that demands international cooperation. A concerted effort among nations, businesses, and civil society is essential to achieve net-zero emissions and meet the goals of the Paris Agreement.
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