Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT)

The Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT) is the federal government department responsible for designing and overseeing public policies aimed at protecting the environment, conserving natural resources and promoting sustainable development in Mexico.

Its work is key to ensuring a balance between economic growth and the safeguarding of biodiversity, addressing issues such as climate change, water, forests, waste and wildlife.

History and functions

Created under different names over time, SEMARNAT has gradually taken on responsibilities relating to environmental management, the regulation of productive activities and the promotion of ecological education. Its powers include:

1. Drafting and applying environmental standards: it coordinates the issuance of Mexican Official Standards (NOM) and other technical criteria to regulate emissions, discharges and the use of resources.
2. Environmental impact assessment: through the Environmental Impact Statement (MIA), it reviews large-scale projects to ensure they comply with ecological guidelines.
3. Protection of natural areas: it manages and oversees national parks, biosphere reserves and sanctuaries, promoting the conservation of endemic species.
4. Climate change policy: it leads the implementation of the General Law on Climate Change and coordinates programmes such as the Special Climate Change Programme (PECC).

Programmes and strategies

SEMARNAT drives a range of initiatives to conserve and restore Mexico's ecosystems. These include:

• Reforestation and soil restoration: in collaboration with the National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR) and other bodies, it promotes tree planting and the recovery of degraded areas.
• Integrated waste management: it runs campaigns for the correct disposal of municipal, hazardous and special-handling solid waste, encouraging recycling and the circular economy.
• Energy transition and sustainable mobility: it works with the Ministry of Energy and the private sector to reduce the carbon footprint of transport, industry and electricity generation.

Institutional relevance

As the governing body on environmental matters, SEMARNAT plays an essential role in meeting Mexico's international commitments, such as the Paris Agreement and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. It also acts as a liaison with other countries and global organisations, sharing experiences and channelling finance for green development projects.

Its role is also key to issuing permits and licences to companies wishing to operate in potentially polluting activities. Under its supervision, the aim is to ensure that industrial operations meet environmental standards, protecting public health and ecosystems.

SEMARNAT: a cornerstone of Mexican environmental policy

The Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT) is the cornerstone of Mexican environmental policy. By combining the drafting of regulations, the oversight of projects and the promotion of ecological education, it seeks to ensure a sustainable future for the country. Its constant adaptation to challenges such as climate change and biodiversity loss highlights the importance of its work.

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